1.
E
N GLADDEN
Administration:
“Administration
is a long and slightly pompous word but it has a humble meaning, for it means,
to care for or look after people, to manage affairs... is determined action
taken in pursuit of a conscious purpose.”
Public
Administration: “Public administration is concerned with
the administration of the government.”
Organisation:
“Organisation
is concerned with the pattern of relationships between persons in an
enterprise, so constructed as to fulfil the enterpriser’s function.”
Hierarchy:
“Both
in the simple unit organisation and in the complex large-scale organization the
process of division of labour means that the principle of hierarchy operates;
that is to say that individuals are arranged in grades, those above supervising
those below.”
Landmark
Publications:
An Introduction to Public Administration
The Essentials of Public Administration
2.
F
A NIGRO
Administration:
“Administration is the organisation and use of men and materials to accomplish
a purpose.”
Public
Administration: “Public administration (1) is a
cooperative group effort in a public setting; (2) covers all the three
branches----executive, legislative and judicial, and their inter—relationship;
(3) has an important role in the formulation of public policy and is thus part
of the political process; (4) is different in significant ways from public
administration; and (5) is closely associated with numerous private groups and
individuals in providing services to the community.”
Significance
of Public Administration: “The real core of
administration is the basic service which is performed for the public.
Leadership:
The essence of leadership is influencing
the actions of others; the essential quality of leaders is that they are
convinced something must be done, and they persuade others to help them to get
it done. (L G Nigro)
Budget:
“Financial administration is of special importance today for the simple reason
that, while there seems to be no limit to what we may ask of government, there
is always a limit to the funds available.”
Landmark
Publications:
Public Administration-----Readings
and Documents
Modern Public
Administration (L G Nigro)
3.
WOODROW
WILSON
Public
Administration: “Public administration is detailed and
systematic execution of law. Every particular application of law is an act of
administration. He further says, “Administration is the most obvious part of
the government; it is the government in action; it is the executive, the
operative, the most visible side of the government.”
Landmark
Publications:
The Study of
Administration (1887)
Congressional
Government (1885)
The State (1889)
4.
LUTHER
GULICK
Administration:
“Administration
has to do with getting things done; with the accomplishment of defined
objectives.”
Public
Administration: “Public Administration is that part of
the science of administration which has to do with government and thus concerns
itself primarily with the executive branch where the work of government is
done, though there are obviously problems in connection with the legislative and
judicial branches.”
Organisation:
“Organisation is the formal structure of authority through which work
sub-divisions are arranged, defined and coordinated for the defined objective.”
Landmark
Publications:
Papers on the Science
of Administration (Urwick)
5.
MCFARLAND
Communication:
“Communication
may be broadly defined as the process of meaningful interaction between human
beings.”
6.
TAYLOR
Landmark
Publications:
A Piece-Rate System
Shop Management
The Art of Cutting Metals
The Principles of Scientific Management
7.
FAYOL
Unity
of Command: “For any action whatsoever, an employee
should receive orders from one superior only.”
Positional
Theory of Authority: “Authority is the right to give
orders and the power to exact obedience.”
Centralisation
and Decentralisation: “Everything that goes to increase
the importance of the subordinate’s role is decentralisation; everything which
goes to decrease it is centralisation.”
Control:
“Control consists in verifying whether everything occurs in conformity with the
plans adopted, the instructions issued, and principles established.”
Landmark
Publications:
General and Industrial
Management
The Administrative
Theory of the State
General Principles of
Administration
8.
ELTON
MAYO
Landmark
Publications:
The Human Problems of Industrial Civilization
The Social Problems of Industrial Civilization
The Political
Problems of Industrial Civilization
9.
PETER
DRUCKER
Communication:
“Communication is the ability of the various functional groups within an
enterprise to understand each other and each other’s functions and concerns.”
Control:
“Control maintains the equilibrium between ends and means, output and effort.”
Landmark
Publications:
The Practice of
Management
10. JAMES W DAVIS
Public
Administration: “Public
Administration can be best identified with the executive branch of a
government.”
11. SIMON
Public
Administration: “By Public Administration is meant in
common usage, the activities of the executive branches of the national, state and
local governments.”
Organisation:
“By Organisation we mean a planned system of cooperative effort in which each
participant has a recognised role to play and duties and tasks to perform.”
Critics
of Bureaucracy: They said that Weber developed his
thesis on the basis of structural approach. Hence, his model reduces
administrative efficiency, which can be enhanced through informal relations and
unofficial practices. (Barnard)
Critics
of Bureaucracy: They argued (in their book
Organisations) that the Weber has, neglected the human dimension of
organisation due to his over concern with the formal aspect of organisation.
Hence, they included Weber in the category of classical thinkers like Gulick,
Urwick and others. (March)
Landmark
Publications:
Organisations (March)
Public Administration
(Smithburg, Thompson)
12. KOONTZ and O’DONNELL
Line
and Staff: “Line and Staff are characterisations of authority
relationships and not departmental activities.”
Communication:
“Communication is an intercourse by words, letters, symbols or messages; and is
a way that one organisations member shares meanings and understandings with
other.”
Control:
“Controlling is a measurement of accomplishment against the standards and the
correction of deviations to assure attainment of objectives according to
plans.”
Leadership: “Leadership is
the activity of persuading people to cooperate in the achievement of a common
objective.”
Motivation:
“Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, desires,
needs, wishes, and similar forces that induce an individual or a group of
people to work.”
Landmark
Publications:
Principles of Management
13. WILLOUGHBY
Public
Administration: “The term administration may be
employed in Political Science in two senses. In its broadest sense it denotes
the work involved in the actual conduct of governmental affairs, regardless of
the particular branch of government concerned. It is, thus, quite proper to
speak of the administration of the legislative branch of the government, the
administration of justice or judicial affairs, or the administration of the
executive branch as well as the administration of the affairs of the
administrative branch of the government, or the conduct of the affairs of the
government generally. In its narrowest sense, it denotes the operations of the
administrative branch only. As students of Public Administration we are concerned
with the narrowest meaning of the term.”
Importance
of Budget: Budget is “an integral and
indispensable tool of administration.” He also observed: “The real significance
of the budget system lies in providing for the orderly administration of the financial
affairs of a government.”
Budget:
“The
Budget is something much more than a mere estimate of revenues and expenditure.
It is, or should be, at once a report, an estimate, and a proposal.”
Landmark
Publications:
Principles of Public
Administration